The foundations of thought.

Books, papers and longer perspectives on money and the economy.

The Evolution of Currency

Until the formation of the Bank of England in 1694, money and currency were one and the same. Money was a tangible asset and this asset itself circulated as currency. Money most often took the form of gold or silver…

Read the article

Gold and the Internet: The Future...

It is both a pleasure and an honor to be at this annual meeting of the Gold Institute, and I would like to sincerely thank everyone at the Gold Institute for their kind invitation. My topic is "Gold and the Internet",…

Read the article